In this study, the sediment yield of FOREST roads of Darabkola watershed was investigated and estimated using WARSEM and SEDMODEL. Rainfall simulator was applied to measure the sediment of abovementioned roads directly. In order to apply WARSEM and SEDMODEL models, field operations for MEASUREMENT of different parameters including road length and width, height and coverage of road cut-slope, road longitudinal slope, shape and configuration of the road, road surface, and etc. were carried out in 63 different segments of the path of FOREST roads in the study area as 11979 meters long. Then sediment yield of roads was measured by rainfall simulator with nozzle of 3 meters high and plot of 2 square meters. Results of the WARSEM and SEDMODL models and rainfall simulation showed that sediment yield of FOREST roads are equal to 9.918, 5.109, and 4.141 kg/m2/year, respectively. Results also showed that there was no significant difference between sediment yield of rainfall simulation and SEDMODEL at significance level of %95. It was also revealed that SEDMODL is more suitable for estimating sediment yield of FOREST road with values of RD, MD, BIAS, RE and RMSE equal to 21.42, 4.54, 0.04, 17.59 and 0.71, respectively.

Volumes of 122 trees were measured using both regular and 3P volume reMEASUREMENT methods. The trees were selected according to sampling instruction out of 800 trees which have been marked in district one (Shourab) at Golband FOREST. Results indicated that the calculated volume by 3P method for industrial wood was 12% more and for fuel wood 15% less than the regular method, respectively. The reasons of such results could be firstly, because of considering broken logs with dbh>20 cm during harvesting operations as industrial volume in the 3P method. Secondly, because of measuring the logs with more than 6m length in regular method that is effective on industrial volume decrease. For promoting harvesting section, we can change some part of administrative regular reMEASUREMENT instruction. Therefore, besides respecting to scientific implementation of this method, improving of staff skills and FOREST and timber products should be taken into account.

Road network as the basis of FOREST management and road construction is one of the most important cost factor of investment. So, it is necessary to use different tools due to decreasing the expenses in planning and evaluating FOREST road network. Estimation of the volume of cut and fill operations is one of the time consuming and tiring parts in preparation of FOREST road project stages which can be used as an important construction cost factor and applied as a criterion for evaluating of road network variants. The objective of this study is Using GIS in estimation of the volume of cut and fill operations and investigating its rectification with ground truth through field MEASUREMENT. This study was carried out in Chelir district of Kheiroud FOREST. Firstly a digital elevation model (DEM) was derived and was used to provide terrain data. Then a road network regarding technical principles and FORESTry necessities were designed using PEGGER (an extent ion for Arc view software) and digital topographic maps. Afterwards the volume of cut and fill operations was calculated in GIS environment. In order to testing the calculated volume operations in GIS environment, the road network was checked in the FOREST and the side slope was measured at every 100 meters. Using side slopes which were measured in 11/4 KM of road length, 115 cross-profiles were drawn. The volume of cut and fill were estimated by two manual and digital methods and were compared by paired samples T Test. The results suggested a significant difference between two methods.

The historically-established exploitation of resin from wild pistachio (Pistacia atlantica Desf.) plays a great role in the socioeconomic balance and livelihood of rural communities of Zagros FOREST region. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of resin exploitation on diameter increment of wild pistachio. Two stands including a 4.8 ha abandoned stand (in which resin exploitation was previously ceased between 1991 and 2013) and a 9.6 ha stand (currently undergoing resin exploitation) with similar physiographic conditions were selected in the villages Bivand-bala and Bivand-paeen in Javanroud, Kermanshah province. To evaluate the diameter increment, 18 tree samples in the abandoned stand and 16 samples in the utilized stand were taken, and increment cores were extracted from each tree at the height of 30 cm using increment borer. In the increment cores, current annual radial increment (CARI) was measured for a period between 1980 and 2013. Current annual diameter increment (CADI) and its percentage (PCADI) of all diameter classes were calculated for two periods of 1980-1991 and 1991-2013. The normal distribution of the data was tested using Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Comparing diameter increment of trees in the two stands was performed by independent-samples t test. The results indicated no significant difference in the average PCADI values between the abandoned and utilized stands during 1980-1990 (in which both stands had undergone relatively similar level of human interferences and resin extraction). The results for the period of 1991-2013 (in which resin exploitation was ceased in the abandoned stand) the average values of PCADI in diameter classes (35-60 cm) were significantly different between the two studied stands, where the abandoned stand showed higher values than the utilized stand. However, no significant difference was observed between the two stands between 1980 and 1991. Furthermore, the averages of PCADI in wild pistachio trees were significantly different for the period of 1991 to 2013 (P<0.01).

Background and Objectives: Deep insight about the different effect of FOREST tree species on soil quality properties have made soil health monitoring perspective clear concerning sustainable management; however, restoration and reclamation of deteriorates inflicted on natural ecosystems may be managed through proper selection of tree species. In this study, in order to select suitable tree species in afFORESTation projects, Shalman Seed and Seedling of FOREST Tree Species Research Station (Guilan province) was chosen as a study area to investigate carbon storage rates and effect of conifers and broadleaves on soil properties, Consequently, soil carbon labile pools were evaluated to present unique sensitive indicator of health and soil quality.Materials and Methods: Sampling of 10 layers with thickness of 20 cm were taken from 0-200 cm depth under selected tree species plots, includingPopulus caspica, Oak (Quercus castaneifolia), Alder (Alnus glutinosa), Bald cypress (Taxodium distichum), Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) and Juniper (Juniperus polycarpos). Cation exchang capacity, mean weight diameter, EC, pH, bulk density, total nitrogen, soil organic carbon and its labile pools were analyzed in soil samples of 0-20, 20-40, 40-60 and 60-80 cm and just for carbon storage MEASUREMENTs all of 10 layers (0-200 cm) were considered. The experiments were of randomized complete block (RCB) designs. Data for the same soil interval were subjected to two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Person linear Correlation method was used to determine sensitive indicators of soil quality.Results: Preliminary results indicated the significant effects of tree species on soil properties during soil depth. Despite insignificant differences in EC, pH and BD, our results showed that significant alterations by tree species types were found in the 0-20 cm soil layer. However, the greatest difference on CEC and MWD values were also observed in the 0-20 cm soil thickness between Alder vs. Juniper; and Alder vs. Bald cypress, respectively. All species had also higher total nitrogen (TN) and soil organic carbon (SOC) in the top soil layer (0-20 cm) followed the order: A. glutinosa> Q. castaneifolia>P. caspica>J. polycarpos>T. distichum>P. taeda. The measured amount of total soil organic carbon as a carbon storage was the highest and the lowest under Alder (A. glutinosa) and Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) with 206.24 and 136.94 (ton OC ha-1), respectively.Conclusion: Broadleaves, especially N fixer species such as Alder had the greatest effect on soil quality properties. Broadleaves had also great potential for carbon storage with more uniform distribution during soil depth. However, among broadleaves, Alder had great effect on soil properties and soil organic matter. Finally, according to correlation values, no single and more sensitive organic carbon pool as a soil quality indicator of FOREST tree species changes was selected, but the complex of soil organic carbon pools could be used as sensitive indicators of soil quality and health.

Geographic Information System (GIS) is one of the most important tools to prepare FOREST management plan and, in general, as a tool for management, sustainable logging and future planning based on the derived statistical data from FORESTed regions. The purpose of this study was spatial simulation of trees in FOREST to have in hand an example of an uneven aged FOREST (simulated FOREST). By means of the simulated FOREST, it is possible to test different statistical methods and various management activities before they are carried out in real world. The study area, Gorazbon, is a district of Kheyrud research-educational FOREST, with 1001 hectares area located in East of Nowshahr city. The inventory was implemented using systematic random sampling.Afterwards, trees were randomly distributed within the compartments of this district, using the results of full callipering inventory with Arc GIS 9.3 software and FOREST was simulated. In this stage, the inventory process was implemented in simulated FOREST similar to the inventory of real FOREST. These results were compared with the results of the ground inventory, and nostatistically significant difference was found in any of repetitions. Consequently, it can infer that the simulated FOREST is remarkably applied to the FOREST inventory implementations. Furthermore, it is a functional tool to provide FOREST management plans of Kheyrud FOREST.To say in other words, this makes possible to test different methods of FOREST inventory and also type and dimensions of plot and inventory net unquestionably.